© Borgis - New Medicine 4/2013, s. 123-125
Anna Gorzelnik, *Lidia Zawadzka-Głos
Bellocq’s tamponade in children who underwent operative treatment on the Waldeyer’s ring in the children’s otolaryngology clinic in Warsaw
Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
Head of Department: Lidia Zawadzka-Głos, MD, PhD
Summary
Aim. Surgical treatment of the adenoid and tonsils is counted as one of the most commonly performed operations in laryngology despite the possible postoperative complications. The main complications are bleedings. The failure in obtaining hemostasis is an indication to perform Bellocq’s tamponade.
Materials and methods. In the period between January 2008 and March 2012 in the Children’s Otolaryngology Clinic of Warsaw Medical University 1209 children have undercome surgical treatment of the Waldeyer’s ring. Hemorrhages due to surgery complications demanding the use of the Bellocq’s tamponade have been recorded in 25 children.
Results. Hemorrhages demanding the use of the Bellocq’s tamponade have occurred most often during the surgery or in post operation day zero. Additionally one fourth of the patients needed also blood-based products; mostly packed red blood cells. Eight patients required additional coagulation parameters analysis and a control visit at the hematologist. Two of them have been diagnosed with hemorrhagic diathesis for the first time.
Conclusion. All children, with hemorrhagic complications should be consulted by a hematologist.
INTRODUCTION
The adenoid and tonsils lymph tissue enlargement in children isn’t an inflammation symptom, but results from the body’s response to environmental antigens. Unfortunately often the tonsils and adenoid excessive overgrowth might cause obturation of the nasal part of the throat or the oropharyngeal isthmus, due to their location. The most serious symptom of the enlarged adenoid is obstructive sleep apnea.
The symptom mentioned above is an indication of adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy, despite the undesired immunological consequences and postoperative complications.
The main surgery complications are bleeding due to the failure in obtaining hemostasis, remains of adenoid tissue or inappropriate post operation care.
In case of perioperative or post-operative prolonging abundant bleedings, which might lead to blood products transfusion, where other methods to obtain hemostasis aren’t efficient, it is recommended to perform a Bellocq’s tamponade in order to compress the bleeding vessel. In such a situation the patient should be hospitalized, and prescribed antibiotics and painkillers. The tamponade should be removed not before 24 hours, slowly and gradually, while maintaining visual control of secondary bleeding. If it occurs a new tamponade should be introduced or a different hemostatic method should be considered.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
In the period between January 2008 and March 2012 in the Children’s Otolaryngology Clinic of Warsaw Medical University 1209 children have undergone surgical treatment of the Waldeyer’s ring.
Hemorrhages being complications of surgery, demanding the use of the Bellocq’s tamponade, have been stated in 25 children, including 12 girls and 13 boys. All the children had had coagulation parameters, i.e. activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time tested normative prior to surgery. All children had been diagnosed with enlarged adenoid and 11 children with overgrown tonsils simultaneously. The patients’ age ranges between 3 and 16 years, with a mediana of 8.3 years.
Surgeries were performed using the classical method with a tonsils guillotine and Beckmann’s adenoid curette or La Force guillotine (fig. 1). In 11 children, both tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy have been performed, in 14 only the latter.
Fig. 1. Beckman’s adenoid curette.
In the described cases we tried to reach hemostasis through nasal tamponade for 5-7 minutes, compression with a hydrogen peroxide or Xylometazoline moistened swab for 1-3 minutes, tonsils point compression for 5-7 minutes or spot amphoteric coagulation. To treat the post-surgical bleedings antihemorragic medicines such as tranexamic acid (Exacyl) and etamsilate (Cyclonamine) or mucous vessels-obstructing medicines i.e. nasal xylometazoline or compression with a swab with a few drops of adrenaline, were used. Non-suppressible bleedings were an indication to introduce the Bellocq’s tamponade (fig. 2).
Fig. 2. La Force’a quillotine.
In 9 children due to unsatisfactory hemostasis it has been decided to introduce the Bellocq’s tamponade. In 16 cases the hemorrhage had place in the day zero post-operation, in 6 of them it occurred in the first hour during their stay in the monitoring room. In another 10 cases it happened in the next few hours back in the Otolaryngology Department. In 1 case the non-suppressible bleeding took place in day 1 post-operation.
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Piśmiennictwo
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