© Borgis - New Medicine 4/2009, s. 114-115
Massimo Cocchi, *Fabio Gabrielli, Lucio Tonello
Quantum consciousness and a-quantum consciousness: a hypothesis for interpretation
Faculty of Human and Technological Sciences, L.U.de.S. University, Lugano, Switzerland
Head: Prof. Rodolfo Paoletti, rector
Beyond the conviction that the origin of major depression can be found in genetics (1-3) a biomolecular mechanism could be hypothesized, based on what emerged from the studies on platelet fatty acid composition in humans (normal and depressive subjects), which allowed depressive disorder (4) to be classified using an artificial neural network (Self Organizing Map – SOM), (5) as a mathematical tool, because of the complexity of the membrane dynamics.
Rapid changes in membrane lipid composition or in the cytoskeleton could modify neuronal signalling. With the knowledge of having found something that could have implications for the understanding of some aspects of psychiatric disorders, a very suggestive hypothesis was built as summarized in Figure 1.
Fig. 1. Molecular depression hypothesis.
Figure 1 describes the molecular depression hypothesis according to Cocchi and collegues, (4) Donati and collegues, (6) and Hameroff and Penrose. (7, 8) The membrane viscosity can modify the Gsα protein status. The Gsα protein is connected with tubulin. Tubulin, depending on local membrane lipid phase concentration, may serve as a positive or negative regulator of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) hydrolysis, such as Gsá protein does. Tubulin is known to form high-affinity complexes with certain G proteins. The formation of such complexes allows tubulin to activate Gsα, which, in turn, can activate protein kinase C and fosters a system whereby elements of the cytoskeleton can influence G-protein signalling. Rapid changes in membrane lipid composition or in the cytoskeleton might modify neuronal signalling. We have hypothesized that through this mechanism it is possible to modify the state of consciousness and that it is measurable through gamma synchrony EEG (9).
Much time is spent today on research to identify those mechanisms that are considered still unknown, not yet discovered, but ready to be captured by some great intuition. The point is to understand the mechanism of signalling, gene expression and the levels, perhaps even more submicroscopic than those perceived now, of cell communication (10).
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Piśmiennictwo
1. Niculescu-H L. et al. (2008). Molecular Psychiatry. 1–19 1359-4184/08. 2. Poulter M.O. et al. (2008). Biol. Psychiat. 64:645-652. 3. Quilter C.L. et al. (2008). Am. J. Med. Genet. B 147:1126-1137. 4. Cocchi M.et al. (2008). BMC Psychiatry, 8(Suppl 1):S3. 5. Kohonen, T. Self-Organizing Maps. 3rd ed. Springer, 2001, Berlin, Germany. 6. Donati R.J. et al. (2008). J. Neurosci. 28:3042-3050. 7. Hameroff, S.R. Penrose, R. (1996) In: SR Hameroff, A Kaszniak and AC Scott (eds.) Toward a Science of Consciousness - The First Tucson Discussions and Debates. MIT Press, Cambridge, UK. 507-540. 8. Hameroff, S.R. J. Biol. Phys. 2009, Published online: doi: 10.1007/s10867-009-9148-x. 9. Herrmann C.S. Demiralp T. 116 (2005) 2719–2733. 10. Agnati L.F. Leo G. Zanardi A. Genedani S. Rivera A. Fuxe K. Guidolin D. Acta Physiol 2006, 187, 329–344. 11. Gabrielli F. (2009), L´uomo a due dimensioni. Anima e corpo, cura e salvezza dall´Orfismo al Platone pre-metafisico: linee di antropologia filosofica, Ludes University Press, Lugano.
